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Indigenous people:  Nenets: Yamal

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  Migration on Yamal peninsula
  
  Caravan with reindeers on the way to the ocean
  
   

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  A camp of Nenets reindeer herders
  
  In a Nenets reindeer herders camp.
  
   

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  Chum and sledges in a magic sunrise
  
  Sun, chum, morning.
  
   

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  A camp of Nenets reindeer herder in a magic mornin
  
  Tundra in early morning.
  
   

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  Obdorsk fortress
  
  Reconstruction of Obdorsk fortress from 16th century,in Salekhard
  
   

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  A young reindeerherder (portrait)
  
  A boy of the Khudi family, Yarsalinsky Sovkhoz
  
   

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  A Nenets queen
  
  A portrait of Nenets woman Yevdokiya Vylka in a national costume.
  
   

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  A beautiful Nenets girl
  
  A portret of Nenets girl in national costume.
  
   

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  A beautiful Nenets girl
  
  A portret of beautiful Nenets girl
  
   

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  Old wisdom (portrait of an old Nenets woman
  
  Old woman sitting near a chum (tent).
  
   

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  A Neshchang girl
  
  Portrait of Nadia Ajvaseda, Purovsky region, Forest Nenets
  
   

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  A strong face
  
  Portrait of a Nenets woman
  
   

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  Babushka Khudi
  
  An old Nenets woman from the Khudi family.
  
   

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  A young hunter
  
  A young Nenets boy with bow and arrow
  
   

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  On the river Ob.
  
  On the river Ob at the sunset time.
  
   

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  A smiling boy (looking through the window)
  
  A boy on a ship.
  
   

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  Rainbow over Ob
  
  The rainbow after the rain. Ob.
  
   

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  Holly sledges
  
  Holly sledges are always far away from living place.
  
   

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  The nomadic people on their way North
  
  Young mother with her child leads the reindeer caravan
  
   

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  Yamal has rich pastures for reindeers
  
  Sovkhoz Yarsalinsky is the biggest state collektive farm in the Yamal Nenets Autonomous Area
  
   

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  Flowers of the tundra
  
  A small tundra flower
  
   

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  Looking out of the helicopter window
  
  Looking down on Yamal
  
   

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  Hanging ut the washed clothes
  
  In the village of Yar-Sale, Yamal
  
   

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  Portrait of Dmitry Khorolya
  
  Dmitry Khorolya (Khorolja) is the chairman of sovkhoz Yarsalinsky, and the association of Reindeer herders of Russia
  
   

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  Zoia Vylka Ravna speaking with Dmitry Khorolya
  
  Zoia makes interview with Dmitry Khorolya (chairman of assosiation of reindeer herders of Russia and chairman of sovkhoz Yarsalinsky) outside of Yar-Sale. \\
  
   

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  Traditional Nenets gravyard in Yar-Sale
  
  Coffins (burial places) upon the earth
  
   

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  Traditional Nenets gravyard (2)
  
  Sledge turned upside down with head of scarified reindeer in front
  
   

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  Father and son with sledge and reindeers
  
  Father and son with sledge and reindeers
  
   

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  Conversation in the helicopter
  
  A Nenets man, a woman (in beautiful dress) and a dog
  
   

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  The ice is melting slowly on the permafrost land o
  
  An icy lake in the middle of the summer
  
   

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  Yamal peninsula and the Kara sea
  
  Looking down on the Kara Sea
  
   

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  Receiving products from a helicopter
  
  A lot of reindeer people outside the helicopter
  
   

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  What's the weight - what's the price?
  
  Merchant buying reindeer horns
  
   

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  How much did we earn?
  
  A merchant calculates the price of reindeer horns
  
   

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  What's the weight?
  
  The horns are heavy
  
   

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  People carrying the coming products
  
  In summer time people in tundra have only one possibility to get products; by helicopters.
  
   

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  The people of the tundra
  
  A group portrait of Nenets people
  
   

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  A Nenets woman working with reindeers
  
  Working in the coral
  
   

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  Four tuff boys with lasso
  
  Four boys from the Khudy ffamily, Yamal Peninsula. with lasso
  
   

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  Grand mother and grand children
  
  An old woman with her grand children
  
   

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  Girls with a doll
  
  Two girls near the reindeers.
  
   

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  Anna Nogo with her reindeers
  
  Anna Nogo going with her reindeers
  
   

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  Going for fishing with reindeer
  
  Zoia Vylka Ravna going for fishing
  
   

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  Nenets girl going with reindeer and sledge
  
  Zoia Vylka Ravna
  
   

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  Nenets man and woman with transport reindeer
  
  Zoia Vylka Ravna and Edik Nogo
  
   

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  Fishing for white fish on Yamal peninsula
  
  Zoia Vylka Ravna and Edik Nogo
  
   

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  Edik Khudi fishing in Yamal penincula
  
  A young Nenets man (Edik Nogo) in a rubber boat taking white fish from a net
  
   

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  Portrait of Edik Khudi with White Fish
  
  Portrait of Edik Khudi.
  
   

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  Anna Nogo and her daugther Irina
  
  Anna Nogo and her little daugther Irina are sitting near the fire.
  
   

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  A Nenets girl makes fire and boil tea
  
  12 years old Olga Nogo
  
   

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  Preparing fish
  
  A Nenets woman (Anna Nogo) is preparing fish in a chum.
  
   

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  Lunch in the chum
  
  The Nogo family has a brake after hard work with reindees.
  
   

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  A reindeer herder is looking to his reindeers.
  
  A reindeer herder is looking to his reindeers .
  
   

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  Deviding the reindeer
  
  A herd of reindeer is devided on a small peninsula, Yamal.
  
   

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  Working with the reindeers.
  
  Two men and a dog are working with reindeers.
  
   

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  Divided reindeers
  
  Divided reindeers
  
   

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  Mother, I am waiting for you
  
  Female reindeer with roped feet and her calf
  
   

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  Reindeer horn - The Nenets currency
  
  Two Nenets children are helping their father cutting horn
  
   

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  A girl of the Khudi famyly carry a reindeer calv
  
  A girl of the Khudi famyly carry a reindeer calv
  
   

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  Old man Khudi is walking with reindeers.
  
  Old man Khudi is walking with reindeers.
  
   

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  Nenets sacrifice place of the Khudi family in Yama
  
  Sacrefice place with reindeer horns on the open tundra
  
   

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  A worship place in the Yamal tundra
  
  A sacrefice place
  
   

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  By a sacred place.
  
  A man is by the sacrifice place of the Khudi clan. Holly sledges to the left.
  
   

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  The sacrefice place of the Khudi clan
  
  Two Nenets men on the sacrifice place of the Khudi clan.
  
   

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  A Nenets sacrifice place
  
  To Nenets do their traditional sacrefice on Yamal peninsula
  
   

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  A man is making donations.
  
  A man is making domations.
  
   

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  Zoia Vylka and Timofey Khudi by the sacrifice plac
  
  Zoia Vylka and Timofey Khudi by the sacrifice place
  
   

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  A Nenets woman is walking with reindeers caravan
  
  A Nenets woman is walking with reindeers caravan
  
   

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  Two children with the reindeer caravan.
  
  Two children are moving with the reindeer caravan.
  
   

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  A huge reindeer caravan
  
  A long caravan with Nenets reindeer people on the migration on their summer grazing land
  
   

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  A stop in summer tundra, watching the deers.
  
  A stop in summer tundra, watching the deers.
  
   

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  Walking together with the reindeer caravan.
  
  A Nenets woman is walking together wiyh her reindeers sledge.
  
   

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  Children early learn to drive
  
  Children driving the caravan\\
  
   

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  Driving with big sister
  
  Small boy is sitting on his sister's sledge .
  
   

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  Children driving with reindeers
  
  It is usually in the Nenets society that childen start to work with reindeers early in their childhood..
  
   

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  The young ones early are given the controll over t
  
  Two-three years old girl drive the sledge
  
   

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  Setting up the chums in a new place.
  
  Making chums in a new place.
  
   

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  Raising the chum
  
  A young Nenets girl (Olga Nogo) raise the sticks for the chum (lavvu, tent)
  
   

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  Making chum
  
  Making chum
  
   

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  Preparing tea in the chum.
  
  A Nenets woman is sitting near the fire and boiling water for tea. Anna Nogo
  
   

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  Lunch in chum.
  
  The Nogo family is having lunch in chum.
  
   

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  Cooking cakes.
  
  Anna Nogo is cooking cakes.
  
   

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  Making food
  
  Anna Nogo is sitting near the fire and is making food.
  
   

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  A nenets family inside chum
  
  Three girls in the chum (lavvu), Yamal Peninsula, preparing food. Beautiful dress
  
   

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  Nenets idol, Pukhuzya
  
  The house idol (god), is carried in every Nenets chum during the migration over the tundra
  
   

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  A girl in the sleeping room
  
  A girl in a bed-curtain in chum
  
   

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  Walking to the herd.
  
  A reindeer herder with is dog is walking to the herd
  
   

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  Timofej Khudi catch deer with lasso
  
  Timofey Khudi working with lasso. A Nenets lasso is made of reindeer skin and is called tynzhan.
  
   

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  Working with lasso.
  
  Timofey Khudi working with lasso.
  
   

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  Tomofey Khudi and reindeer
  
  A man and reindeer
  
   

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  Cutting antlers
  
  Cutting horn of the reindeer
  
   

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  The antlers are cut off
  
  The antlers are cut off
  
   

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  Checking the feet of the deer
  
  People of the Khudi family working with reindeers in sovkhoz Yarssalinsky, Yamal - cutting hoofs
  
   

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  Olga Nogo in beautiful costume
  
  Olga Khudi, 12 years old, working to collect reindeer horns
  
   

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  Two beautiful girls
  
  Portrait of IrinaNogo (7 year) and another girl
  
   

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  Nenets boys learn to read
  
  Nenets boys are studying an ABC book in the tundra
  
   

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  Smiling tundra children
  
  Five Nenets children are smiling happily - still long time to the boarding school starts.
  
   

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  A small man
  
  A little Nenets boy
  
   

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  A lucky boy
  
  A small boy got sweets after visit by helicopter
  
   

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  Boys concentrate before the catch
  
  Group of boys with lassos
  
   

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  A young reindeer girl
  
  A girl with a lasso
  
   

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  A group of young reindeer herders catching the dee
  
  A group of young reindeer herders catching the deer, sovkhoz Yarsalinsky, Yamal
  
   

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  Throwing the lasso
  
  A boy throws the lasso
  
   

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  Nenets children playing in summer night
  
  Cupples of children are playing traditional games like wolf and reindeer in front of the chums
  
   

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  Shooting with a bow
  
  A boy with a bow
  
   

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  Hitting the target?
  
  A portrait of a boy with a bow
  
   

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  Who win?
  
  A traditional competition/game in the tundra
  
   

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  Zoia in the game
  
  Stick competition
  
   

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  Young boys
  
  Four young boys
  
   

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  A mother with a baby child
  
  A mother with a baby child in a cradle
  
   

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  Nikolay Nogo speaking by radio
  
  Is the Norwegian there? Asks the operator in the Sovkhoz Yarsalinsky. Yes, he is. And you will not get him back before we get the seven pair of rubber boots which we are promised!\\\\
  
   

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  Slathering of a reindeer
  
  Two reindeer herders kill a reindeer by using a rope
  
   

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  You looks limpy and need vitamins, says Nikolay
  
  You looks limpy and need vitamins, says Nikolay and gives the cup with fresh blood to Misha. Blood and raw meat is important for the arctic people to get vitamins.\\A gruop of Nenets reindeer herdes eat raw meat and drink blood
  
   

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  Nikolay Nogo: A tasty peace of meat
  
  Nikolay cuts the meat with knife, holding it with his hands and teeth..
  
   

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  The fresh blood is our vitamins
  
  A gruop of Nenets reindeer herdes eat raw meat and drink blood
  
   

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  Preparing meat.
  
  Preparing meat.
  
   

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  Eating raw meat
  
  Eating raw meat is important for the people who not have vegetables
  
   

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  Two women preparing meat.
  
  Two women preparing meat.
  
   

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  A mistress of the fire.
  
  A mistress of the fire.
  
   

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  Two Nenets women in chum.
  
  Two Nenets women in chum.
  
   

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  Portrait of a working woman
  
  Anna Nogo is working up the raindeer skin.
  
   

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  In the few brakes, she's reading a book.
  
  Anna Nogo is reading book in chum.
  
   

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  Nikolay Khudi's portrait
  
  Brigadier Khudi Nadegda.
  
   

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  Nikolaj and children.
  
  Nikolay speaking in the radio.The only way to connect with "civilization" in tundra is the portable radio transmitter. Nikolay Nogo is working in the sovkhoz Yarsalinskiy.\\
  
   

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  Crossing a small river
  
  Crossing a small river
  
   

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  A boy and a calf
  
  A boy and a calf
  
   

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  Children is playing their traditional games.
  
  The tundra children have a lot of different games
  
   

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  The tundra children playing in the summer nightms.
  
  Children playing near tchums.
  
   

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  Zoia Vylka driving reindeers.
  
  Zoia Vylka Ravna is driving on the sledge with reindeers.
  
   

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  The white fish is the summerfood of the reindeer p
  
  The white fish is the summerfood of the reindeer people
  
   

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  Portrait of Nenets family.
  
  Portrait of Nenets family in the Nadym airport.
  
   

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  A nenets man near the sledge with reindeers
  
  A nenets man near the sledge with reindeers
  
   

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  A Nenets Madonna
  
  Mother with child in front of the winter chum. Beautiful dress
  
   

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  The daughetes of the tundra
  
  Two girls near reindeers.
  
   

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  A lot of wisdom
  
  Two old ladies.
  
   

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  Strong faces and tasty food
  
  Beskrivelse
  
   

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  Taking a tasty cup of warm blood
  
  Taking a tasty cup of warm blood - a small boy find blood and meat togheter with his mother.
  
   

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  A small boy is eating raw meat.
  
  A small boy is eating raw meat.
  
   

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  Cutting meat.
  
  Woman is cutting meat.
  
   

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  An evening talk.
  
  A women talk near tents.
  
   

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  A Nenets woman in a beautiful white fur coat.
  
  A Nenets woman in a beautiful white fur coat.
  
   

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  Portrait of two boys .
  
  Portrait of two boys near a sledge.
  
   

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  Two small friends
  
  A child in nice fur dress and his dog near the sledge.
  
   

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  A Nenets madonna.
  
  A Nenets woman with a child.
  
   

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  In the post office in Tarko-Sale.
  
  Two Russian women in a post office.
  
   

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  The Land of the Neshchang people.
  
  The Land of the Neshchang people. Swamps in the forrest Nenets area.
  
   

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  During 5 years we will disappear as a nation, says
  
  Êntju Aivaseda, the head (the eldest) of the Neshchang people by the Bear Mountain
  
   

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  Dark clouds over Neshchang(2)
  
  Dark clouds over Neshchang - Bear Mountain
  
   

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  Mosquitoes!
  
  On the way from river Pur up to the Bear Mountain - together with millions of Mosquitoes..
  
   

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  A Neshchang home
  
  A Forest Nenets chum - in the entrance babushka Ludmila Aivaseda and small Maria.
  
   

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  A Neshchang woman with her grand children.
  
  The Forest Nenets nation is smaller than the Tundra Nenets. They live in the Taiga area . Aivaseda family are part of this nation, their summer living place is called Apydye Njadeye, which means "Bear Mountain". This is their forefathers land. But now the
  
   

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  In the chum of the Aivaseda family
  
  The Aivaseda family want to continue their nomadic life: - The forest gives us meat, fish and everything else we need. In the villages we depend 100 percent of the authorities.
  
   

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  A small man of the Neshchang nation.
  
  A portrait of small Vova Aivaseda.
  
   

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  Grandmother with the child in a cradle
  
  This cradle is made from wood and leather. A child which is in it is protected from both cold and mosquitoes
  
   

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  Little brother awakes.
  
  A group of Neshchang children.
  
   

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  Ignye Aivaseda is a host of the forest land.
  
  A portrait of Ignye Aivaseda (Ignje Ayvaseda) with a shotgun
  
   

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  The eldest, Êntju Aivaseda, together with his son
  
  Êntju Aivaseda is the head (the eldest) of the people of Apydye Njadeye, the Bear Mountain.
  
   

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  Playing children at the Bear Mountain
  
  Playing children at the Bear Mountain
  
   

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  By the new road, build with oil money, is a destro
  
  By the new road between Tarko-Sale and Kharampur, build with oil money, is a destroyed Neshchang grave. Disgraced and pushed away. Not even in the dead, the Neshchang people got peace.
  
   

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  Fifteen snow scooters for their ancestors land.
  
  When the first geologist came to Apydye Njadeye, the forest Nenets got 15 snow scooters for letting the geologists search for oil. If they found anything, there should be made a new agreement. But it hasn't happened, and now the oil companies have got all
  
   

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  Evening atmosphere by the Neshchang land.
  
  Evening atmosphere by the Neshchang land.
  
   

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  Making bread.
  
  This woman is making bread on an own which is called "burjuika".
  
   

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  Preparing fish sup on the fire outdoors
  
  A Neshchang woman is preparing fish sup on the fire outdoors
  
   

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  What is babushka doing? Making dinner outside of t
  
  Cooking dinner outside of the chum.
  
   

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  An old sewing woman
  
  An old Neshchang woman is sewing
  
   

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  An old sewing woman (2)
  
  A portrait of a working/sewing woman.
  
   

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  Women's talk by the fire
  
  Zoia Vylka Ravna makes an interview with Ludmila Aivaseda.
  
   

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  A Neshchang fisherman
  
  A Neshchang fisherman in canoe on the river Pur
  
   

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  Ignye Aivaseda - a bear hunter an a fisherman
  
  Ignye Aivaseda in a canoe on the river Pur
  
   

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  White fish become red during smoking
  
  Smoking white fish by the Bear Mountain.White fish become red during the smoking process
  
   

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  Checking the net
  
  Ignye Aivaseda is checking a traditional forest Nenets fish trap
  
   

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  Preparing fish.
  
  One of the main occupation of Forest Nenets is fishing on the river Pur.
  
   

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  Lunch time.
  
  A Neshchang family have a meal in their chum.
  
   

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  A spesial place for saving food, meat and skins fr
  
  Such buildings of course can save food and things from wild animals, but not from others.
  
   

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  Ignye tries a new made bullet
  
  Ignye Aivaseda tries a new made bullet (slug) for his shotgun. It has already got the name of the bear it should kill.
  
   

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  Once we were warriors.
  
  A boy is shooting with a bow. To day the bow and arrow is just used for hunting or for playing
  
   

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  Neshchang people visiting Kharampur
  
  A discussion outside the shop in the village Kharampur. What are important now for Forest People?
  
   

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  Visiting a shop in the nearest village
  
  Neshchang people is visiting the shop in the Kharampur village
  
   

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  Novy Urengoy
  
  The oil production in the land of the Forest Nenets, have made the population in Yamal-Nenets autonomous district increase six times from 1970 - 1990. The city of Noyabrsk and Noviy Urengoy have both approximately 100.000 citizens, and have conquered a lo
  
   

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  Waking the spirits with drums(2)
  
  This prossetion (parade) was done in Salekhard during the Indigenous People Festival of Yamal.
  
   

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  Waking up the spirits with drums(2)
  
  This prossetion (parade) was done in Salekhard during the Indigenous People Festival of Yamal.
  
   

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  The hectic rhythms of the drum stop the town
  
  Dancers in the street of Salekhard
  
   

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  Dancing with drums.
  
  Dancing with drums.
  
   

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  The opening of the festival of Indigenous people i
  
  The festival of Indigenous people in Yamal was opened the 25th of September 1999. Khanty, Nenets, Selkup, Komi, and Mansy people live in this district. All of them took part in the festival.
  
   

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  Salted fish - for the opening of the festival
  
  Opening of the indigenous peoples festival in Salekhard I 1999
  
   

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  The happiness of dancing
  
  A dancer of the folklore group Syra Sev (Smow-flake), during the festival of Indigenous people in Salehard
  
   

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  A winter dance
  
  Dancers of the folklore group Syra Sev perform a "winter dance", during the festival of Indigenous people in Salehard
  
   

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  A strong impression, the Nenets folklore singer, E
  
  Elvira, a woman with a strong voice and a soft tune
  
   

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  The shaman dance
  
  The shaman dance, with drums, Salekhard, Yamal
  
   

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  The cleaning smoke.
  
  This old ceremony was made during the festival in Salekhard. The picture shows the cleaning process for participants of a sacrefice ceremony.
  
   

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  Old notes, silver chains and glossy coins gives pr
  
  Old notes, silver chains and glossy coins protect the participants during the ceremony
  
   

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  The killing of the sacrifice reindeer
  
  Two man killi the sacrifice reindeer in a ritual way (with rope)
  
   

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  The ceremony of making donation.
  
  During ceremony of making donation - sacrificing a reindeer
  
   

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  Opening a bottle, and the sacrifice party might st
  
  Khotyako Yezyngi opening a bottle, and the sacrifice party might start
  
   

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  here should not float any blood, but the reindeers
  
  On this world, there should not float any blood, but the reindeers, says the leader of the indigenous people of Russia (RAIPON), Sergey Kharuchiy, after he got the blood mark in his brow - an ancient symbol of blessing
  
   

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  The agony. The death of the reindeer power to the
  
  The agony. The death of the reindeer will bring power to they who take part in the ceremony
  
   

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  A donation to the Gods.
  
  A donation to gods done by Khanty people.
  
   

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  Doing the sacrefice in Khanty way.
  
  A donation of reindeer.
  
   

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  Eating a holly meal
  
  A khanty man prepare for the sacrefice meal\\
  
   

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  A blood sacrifice
  
  Among the Nenets and Khanty people, the blood sacrifice is the most powerful sacrifice. Here is sacred blood for the sacrifice meal during the festival in Salekhard 1999 .
  
   

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  Drinking the holy blood
  
  A portrait of woman from festival, drinking fresh blood from a sacrefied reindeer
  
   

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  The food of the sacred ceremony.
  
  It's not only blood and raw meat which is the food for the sacred ceremony. There are also served, boiled meat, bread, sweets and vodka.
  
   

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  The head of the scarified reindeer
  
  A reindeer's head from the sacred ceremony. After the ceremony, the head usually is hanged up in a lark tree.
  
   

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  Hanging up the donation
  
  It is a tradition to hang the head of the scarified reindeer up in a three after the ceremony.
  
   

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  Three brave children
  
  A portrait of three Nenets children in national costumes.
  
   

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  A women talk.
  
  Two Nenets women in beautiful national dresses, have a pep talk.
  
   

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  The Idols of the forefathers
  
  The Nenets worshiped wooden idols, who were pictures of their holly spirits.
  
   

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  Traditional Nenets doll
  
  Traditional dolls are made from wool of different coloures and from the duckes noses.
  
   

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  Ngukhuku - a Nenets toy
  
  Ngukhuku - a Nenets toy (doll) for children
  
   

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  Welcome - a forest Nenets woman in the opening of
  
  A forest Nenets woman in the opening of the chum
  
   

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  The fortress of Obdorsk
  
  The fortress of Obdorsk. Obdorsk was one of the first fortified towns in West-Siberia, established in 1595. In 1933 the city changed name to Salekhard.\\\\(c) Ye. A. Opolovnikova, from the book "Drevnuj Obdorsk i Zapolyarnye goroda legendy, Moscow 1998. T
  
   

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  A rest in the tundra, Nikolay Nogo and his daughte
  
  A rest in the tundra, Nikolay Nogo and his daughter Irina
  
   

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  The people of the tundra
  
  The Khudi family in front of their chum
  
   

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  A Nenets woman in a beautiful costume
  
  A Nenets woman in a beautiful costume, taking care of the reindeer in the fence.
  
   

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  Nenets sledges.
  
  Nenets sledges. Nenets reindeer people often leave their winter or summer things in the sledges on their migration, and pick them up on the way back. But now it is a problem for them to do this because of thieves.
  
   

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  Olga Nogo and her reindeer.
  
  Olga Nogoi and her reindeer. Olga is just 12 years, but already working as a grown up.